Drawn by Democrats and approved by a Republican governor, the new map will most likely result in a similar delegation to the state’s current one.
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The new map is “a huge improvement” over the one that was recently rejected in court, Mr. Hogan said.
Gov. Larry Hogan of Maryland on Monday signed into law a new congressional map drawn by Democrats, a little more than a week after a judge called their previous effort an “extreme gerrymander” and threw it out.
Mr. Hogan, a Republican, agreed to approve the maps after Democrats dropped their appeal of the judge’s ruling. He described the deal as “a tremendous victory for democracy and for free and fair elections in Maryland” and said the new map was “a huge improvement” over the original one.
The new map will most likely result in a congressional delegation that will look a lot like the current one.
Democrats are favored to win six districts under the new map, and Republicans to win one, with an eighth district considered competitive, according to Douglass Mayer, a former aide to Mr. Hogan and the spokesman of Fair Maps Maryland, an anti-gerrymandering organization. The state is currently represented by seven Democrats and one Republican.
The map rejected in court would have created seven safe Democratic districts and one competitive district, cutting out the likely Republican seat.
What to Know About Redistricting
- Redistricting, Explained: Here are some answers to your most pressing questions about the process that is reshaping American politics.
- Understand Gerrymandering: Can you gerrymander your party to power? Try to draw your own districts in this imaginary state.
- Analysis: For years, the congressional map favored Republicans over Democrats. But in 2022, the map is poised to be surprisingly fair.
- Killing Competition: The number of competitive districts is dropping, as both parties use redistricting to draw themselves into safe seats.
The decision to toss out the earlier map, by Senior Judge Lynne A. Battaglia of the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County, was the first time this redistricting cycle that a Democratic-controlled legislature’s map has been rejected in court. Last week, a judge in New York threw out a congressional map there, saying Democrats drew it with “political bias.”
Republicans have had their efforts blocked in court as well, including in North Carolina and Ohio, though Ohio’s maps remain tied up in legal challenges.
The midterm elections are set to be a test for Democrats, who are trying to hold on to slim majorities in the House and Senate despite President Biden’s low approval rating. Republicans, on the other hand, are looking to recapture power, in part by tapping into voters’ frustration with the government and the economy.
But the once-a-decade process of redrawing district lines following the census has emerged as a potentially decisive factor in determining who will control Congress. Both parties have sought to give themselves an advantage in states across the nation.
“Gerrymandering,” Mr. Hogan told CNN on Sunday, “I think, is a cancer on our politics. It’s bad no matter which party does it.”
Judge Battaglia, who was appointed by former Gov. Parris N. Glendening, a Democrat, said in her March 25 ruling that the earlier map had “constitutional failings” and ignored requirements of focusing on “compactness” and keeping similar communities together.
She ordered the General Assembly to redraw the map by March 30, an incredibly tight deadline. The legal challenges over the map led the Maryland Court of Appeals to move the state’s primary election to July 19 from June 28.
In response to the judge’s ruling, Democrats submitted a new map for Maryland, which Mr. Biden carried with 65 percent of the vote in 2020, but also said they would appeal.
How U.S. Redistricting Works
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What is redistricting? It’s the redrawing of the boundaries of congressional and state legislative districts. It happens every 10 years, after the census, to reflect changes in population.
Why is it important this year? With an extremely slim Democratic margin in the House of Representatives, simply redrawing maps in a few key states could determine control of Congress in 2022.
How does it work? The census dictates how many seats in Congress each state will get. Mapmakers then work to ensure that a state’s districts all have roughly the same number of residents, to ensure equal representation in the House.
Who draws the new maps? Each state has its own process. Eleven states leave the mapmaking to an outside panel. But most — 39 states — have state lawmakers draw the new maps for Congress.
If state legislators can draw their own districts, won’t they be biased? Yes. Partisan mapmakers often move district lines — subtly or egregiously — to cluster voters in a way that advances a political goal. This is called gerrymandering.
What is gerrymandering? It refers to the intentional distortion of district maps to give one party an advantage. While all districts must have roughly the same population, mapmakers can make subjective decisions to create a partisan tilt.
Is gerrymandering legal? Yes and no. In 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts have no role to play in blocking partisan gerrymanders. However, the court left intact parts of the Voting Rights Act that prohibit racial or ethnic gerrymandering.
Want to know more about redistricting and gerrymandering? Times reporters answer your most pressing questions here.
On Sunday, when Mr. Hogan was asked on CNN if he would sign the new map, he said, “I’m going to try to convince them to drop the appeal and then maybe we can move forward.” The appeal was dropped Monday.
Mr. Mayer said the new map is more contiguous and representative of long-recognized community boundaries.
State courts have emerged as the central arena for political parties and voters to challenge maps, after the Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that partisan gerrymandering could not be challenged at the federal level.
Mr. Hogan said that, in his view, the new congressional map was not as good as the one drawn by the bipartisan Maryland Citizens Redistricting Commission, whose co-chairs he appointed.
“Obviously you can’t get everything you want, but it’s almost everything we want,” he said.
Source: nytimes.com
